《植物生理学报》 2017, 53(11): 2013-2021

碱性盐胁迫对葡萄杂交砧木荧光特性、叶黄素循环与抗氰呼吸的影响

郭淑华, 牛彦杰, 翟衡, 韩宁, 杜远鹏^*

山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室, 山东泰安271018

通信作者：杜远鹏；E-mail: duyuanpeng001@163.com

摘　要：

以葡萄‘左山一’ (Vitis amurensis)与‘SO4’ (V. berlandieri ×V. riparia)杂交后代中耐碱性盐强的A15、A17与引进砧木中耐碱性盐能力较强的‘1103P’ (V. rupestris ×V. berlandieri)为试材, 探讨耐碱性盐能力较强的葡萄砧木的荧光特性及光保护机制。将组培苗炼苗7周后每天浇灌100 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ (pH 8.62), 测定叶片电导率、丙二醛含量、叶绿素荧光、叶黄素循环及抗氰呼吸速率。NaHCO₃处理8 d后, 各株系的叶片电导率与丙二醛(MDA)含量均有大幅升高; A15、A17的最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、光化学淬灭系数(q_P)的降低幅度均小于‘1103P’, 且调节性能量耗散(Y_NPQ)上升幅度较大, 说明NaHCO₃胁迫下A15、A17的电子传递活性与光抑制程度受影响较小。在NaHCO₃处理下A15、A17和‘1103P’的叶黄素循环(A+Z)/(A+Z+V)分别比对照提高46.3%、37.0%、28.0%, A15、A17的抗氰呼吸速率在NaHCO₃处理下分别比对照提高141.5%、95.8%, ‘1103P’则比对照提高63.0%。A15、A17通过依赖叶黄素循环的热耗散与增加抗氰呼吸速率来减轻光抑制以提高其耐碱性盐能力。

关键词：葡萄; NaHCO₃胁迫; 光系统活性; 叶黄素循环; 抗氰呼吸

收稿：2017-05-22   修定：2017-09-13

资助：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-zp-2)、山东省“双一流”建设奖补资金(SYL2017YSTD10)、国家自然科学基金(31501738)和长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT15R42)。

Effect of alkaline salt stress on fluorescence characteristics, xanthophyll cycle and cyanide-resistant respiration of grape hybrid rootstocks

GUO Shu-Hua, NIU Yan-Jie, ZHAI Heng, HAN Ning, DU Yuan-Peng^*

College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University / State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian, Shandong 271018, China

Corresponding author: DU Yuan-Peng; E-mail: duyuanpeng001@163.com

Abstract:

A15 and A17 [‘ZuoShan1’ (Vitis amurensis) × ‘SO4’ (V. berlandieri ×V. riparia)] with strong alkaline salt resistance and rootstock ‘1103P’ (V. rupestris ×V. berlandieri) with strong alkali resistance in introduced rootstocks were used as materials to study the fluorescence characteristics and photoprotective mechanism under alkaline salt stress. The tissue culture seedlings were irrigated with 100 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ (pH 8.62) every morning after 7 weeks of acclimatization. Leaf relative electrical conductivity, MDA content, chlorophyll fluorescence, xanthophyll cycle, cyanide-resistant respiration rate were determined. After 8 days of NaHCO₃ treatment, leaf relative electrical conductivity and MDA content of each strain increased significantly. The decrease of F_v/F_m and q_P in A15 and A17 were less than that in ‘1103P’, and the increase of Y_NPQ in A15 and A17 were more than that in ‘1103P’, indicating the electron transport activities and the degrees of photoinhibition of A15 and A17 were less affected under NaHCO₃ treatment. (A+Z)/(A+Z+V) of A15, A17 and ‘1103P’ were increased by 46.3%, 37.0% and 28.0%, respectively, under NaHCO₃ treatment. The cyanide-resistant respiration rates of A15 and A17 were increased by 141.5% and 95.8%, respectively, under NaHCO₃ stress. ‘1103P’ was increased by 63.0% compared to the control. The strong alkali resistance of A15 and A17 relies on the reduction of photoinhibition caused by the increase of heat dissipation of xanthophyll cycle and the cyanide-resistant respiration rate.

Key words: grape; NaHCO₃ stress; photosystem activity; xanthophyll cycle; cyanide-resistant respiration